Oxidation of polymers can lead to many undesirable effects including color changes, formation of rough surface morphology, changes in melt viscosity and reduction in mechanical properties, which can affect the service life of the polymer or the final product. Oxidation can occur at every stage of the polymer life cycle, during the production and storage of polymer resins, during high temperature melt processing operations, during the processing of resins into articles, and during the use of the articles. In addition, exposure to UV rays from sunlight also accelerates the oxidation process. Adding synthetic phenolic antioxidants for polymers can inhibit and delay the oxidation and degradation of polymer materials.
Antioxidants are generally divided into primary antioxidants and secondary antioxidants. Primary phenolic acid antioxidant work by scavenging peroxy free radicals formed during oxidation. The two main classes of primary antioxidants are hindered phenol antioxidants and aromatic amines. They are effective over a wide temperature range, improving material processing and long-term thermal stability.
Secondary antioxidants, such as phosphites and thioethers, work through the decomposition of hydroperoxides. Phosphites are most effective at the high temperatures of melt processing operations, while thioethers work best in the solid phase at long-term use temperatures.
TINTOLL hindered phenolic antioxidants for polymers have low volatility, high efficiency, resistance to air fading and hydrolysis, and can be implemented in a wide range of applications.
Types of Hindered Phenol Antioxidant HPAO
PowerNox™1010
CAS No. 6683-19-8
Tetrakis[methylene-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] methane.
PowerNox™ 1035
CAS No. 41484-35-9
3,5-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid thiodi-2,1-ethanediyl ester.
PowerNox™ 1076
CAS No. 2082-79-3
Octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate.
PowerNox™ 1098
CAS No. 23128-74-7
N,N'-Hexamethylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamamide).
PowerNox™ 1135
CAS No. 125643-61-0
Octyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamate.
PowerNox™ 1330
CAS No. 1709-70-2
1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene.
PowerNox™ 1520
CAS No. 110553-27-0
4,6-bis (octylthiomethyl)-o-cresol.
PowerNox™ 1726
CAS No. 110675-26-8
2,4-Bis(dodecylthiomethyl)-6-methylphenol.
PowerNox™ 1790
CAS No. 40601-76-1
1,3,5-Tris(2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-tert-butylbenzyl) isocyanurate.
PowerNox™ 2246
CAS No. 119-47-1
2,2'-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol).
PowerNox™ 2266
CAS No. 14362-12-0(38486-51-0)
Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methane.
PowerNox™ 2450
CAS No. 36443-68-2
Triethylene glycol-bis-3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionate.
PowerNox™ 2640
CAS No. 128-37-0
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol.
PowerNox™ 3052
CAS No. 61167-58-6
2,2-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol)acrylate.
PowerNox™ 3114
CAS No. 27676-62-6
Tris-(3,5-di-tert-butylhydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate.
PowerNox™ 4426
CAS No. 118-82-1
2,2',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-methylenediphenol.
PowerNox™ 5057
CAS No. 68411-46-1
Benzenamine, N-phenyl-, reaction products with 2,4,4-trimethylpentene.
PowerNox™ 565
CAS No. 991-84-4
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-[[4,6-bis(octylthio)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenol.
PowerNox™ 1425
CAS No. 65140-91-2
Calcium diethyl bis[[[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]methyl]phosphonate].
PowerNox™ 1315
CAS No. 171090-93-0
C13-C15 branched and linear alkyl 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoate.
PowerNox™2500
CAS No. 79-74-3
2,5-Di-tert-amylhydroquinone.
PowerNox™ 1030
CAS No. 1843-03-4
4,4',4''-(1-methylpropanyl-3-ylidene)tris[6-tert-butyl-m-cresol].
PowerNox™1150
CAS No. 33145-10-7
2,2'-(2-methylpropylidene)bis[4,6-xylenol].
PowerNox™ 1000
CAS No. 144429-84-5
Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, 2-ethylhexyl ester.
PowerNox™425
CAS No. 88-24-4
6,6'-di-tert-butyl-4,4'-diethyl-2,2'-methylenediphenol.
PowerNox™ 1290
CAS No. 35958-30-6
2,2'-Ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol).
PowerNox™4425
CAS No. 85-60-9
4,4'-Butylidene-bis-(6-butyl-3-methylphenol).
PowerNox™ 616
CAS No. 68610-51-5
Phenol, 4-methyl-, reaction products with dicyclopentadiene and isobutylene.
Hindered Phenol Antioxidant HPAO Details
Hindered phenol stabilizers are the main antioxidant additives for plastics and act as hydrogen donors. They react with peroxy radicals to form hydroperoxides and prevent abstraction of hydrogen from the polymer backbone. Phenolic stabilizers are often used in combination with secondary antioxidants and come in a variety of molecular weights, product forms and functions. They are very effective during processing and long-term heat aging, and many are FDA-approved. These polymer stabilizers are generally less prone to staining or discoloration. However, they may form quinoid structures when oxidized, resulting in yellowing. PowerNoxTM hindered phenol antioxidant mechanism include simple phenols, bisphenols, polyphenols and thiobisphenols.
PowerNoxTM 2640 (BHT) is the most commonly used primary antioxidant and is FDA-approved for food contact and is suitable as a long-term stabilizer in almost all cases. However, BHT is a relatively volatile material that is gradually being replaced by higher molecular weight antioxidants that resist migration.
Thiobisphenols also act as peroxide decomposers (secondary antioxidants), which are often used in higher temperature applications.
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